ABSTRACT
Molecular hydrogen exerts biological effects on nearly all organs. It has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects and contributes to the regulation of autophagy and cell death. As the primary organ for gas exchange, the lungs are constantly exposed to various harmful environmental irritants. Short- or long-term exposure to these harmful substances often results in lung injury, causing respiratory and lung diseases. Acute and chronic respiratory diseases have high rates of morbidity and mortality and have become a major public health concern worldwide. For example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. An increasing number of studies have revealed that hydrogen may protect the lungs from diverse diseases, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we highlight the multiple functions of hydrogen and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in various lung diseases, with a focus on its roles in disease pathogenesis and clinical significance.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Acute Lung Injury , Aging , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Antioxidants/chemistry , Asthma/therapy , Autophagy , COVID-19/therapy , Hydrogen/therapeutic use , Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy , Inflammation , Lung Diseases/therapy , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Oxidative Stress , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy , Pyroptosis , Reactive Oxygen SpeciesABSTRACT
Molecular hydrogen (H
ABSTRACT
Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress and oxidative damage have been proposed to contribute to the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications. With the selective antioxidant effects， hydrogen molecule has attracted wide attention， from researchers at home and abroad， regarding its role in diabetes and its complications. Great progress has been made in promoting hydrogen molecular medicine in the field of diabetes. This review mainly focused on two aspects of the research： basic experiments and clinical trials. In the basic experimental research part， the effects of hydrogen molecule on blood glucose regulation and diabetic complications were discussed. The aim of this review was to provide ideas and references for further research of hydrogen molecules on diabetes and its complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the protective effects of molecular hydrogen on high-level low-dose irradiation-induced male reproductive system injury in mice and the underlying mechanism. Methods Cultured spermatogonia-derived cell line GC-1 spg was randomized into control group, hydrogen group, 4 Gy radiation group and 4 Gy radiation+hydrogen group. The apoptotic rate of the cells was detected by flow cytometry assay at 24 h after treatment in each group. Seventy-two male BALB/c mice were randomized into control group, hydrogen group, 0.25 Gy radiation group, 0.25 Gy radiation+ hydrogen group, 0.5 Gy radiation group and 0.5 Gy radiation+hydrogen group, with 12 mice in each group. The hydrogen treatment was conducted by hydrogen-rich water administration and high-concentration hydrogen gas inhalation. At 24 h after treatment, the testes were dissected and sectioned for H-E staining, and blood samples from the internal canthus vein were collected to determine the levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone using ELISA. At 4 weeks after radiation, the bilateral epididymides were isolated to prepare sperm suspensions, and the DNA damage of the spermatozoa was examined using the neutral single cell gel electrophoresis. Results The 24 h apoptosis rate of GC-1 spg cells was significantly decreased in the 4 Gy radiation+hydrogen group compared with the 4 Gy radiation group (t=7.186, P<0.01). Hydrogen obviously reverted the histological damage of the testes induced by 0.5 Gy irradiation, significantly inhibited 0.25 Gy and 0.5 Gy radiation-caused surge of FSH (t=3.195 8, P=0.019; t=10.723 4, P<0.05), and significantly ameliorated comet tailing and damage of the sperm DNA at 4 weeks after radiation (tail area t0.25 Gy=16.592 3, t0.5 Gy=15.891 5; tail DNA t0.25 Gy=11.296 5, t0.5 Gy=13.785 0; tail DNA% t0.25 Gy=26.834 0, t0.5 Gy=10.325 7; tail length t0.25 Gy=16.865 4, t0.5 Gy=15.441 2; tail moment t0.25 Gy=26.979 4, t0.5 Gy=13.174 2; Olive tail moment t0.25 Gy=24.752 4,t0.5 Gy=6.896 1; all P<0.05). Conclusion Molecular hydrogen protects male mouse reproductive system from high-level low-dose radiation through reducing spermatogonium apoptosis, adjusting hormone disturbance and ameliorating sperm DNA damage.
ABSTRACT
Post-transplant complications such as graft-versus-host disease and graft ischemia-reperfusion injury are crucial challenges in transplantation. Hydrogen can act as a potential antioxidant, playing a preventive role against post-transplant complications in animal models of multiple organ transplantation. Herein, the authors review the current literature regarding the effects of hydrogen on graft ischemia-reperfusion injury and graft-versus-host disease. Existing data on the effects of hydrogen on ischemia-reperfusion injury related to organ transplantation are specifically reviewed and coupled with further suggestions for future work. The reviewed studies showed that hydrogen (inhaled or dissolved in saline) improved the outcomes of organ transplantation by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation at both the transplanted organ and the systemic levels. In conclusion, a substantial body of experimental evidence suggests that hydrogen can significantly alleviate transplantation-related ischemia-reperfusion injury and have a therapeutic effect on graft-versus-host disease, mainly via inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion and reduction of oxidative stress through several underlying mechanisms. Further animal experiments and preliminary human clinical trials will lay the foundation for hydrogen use as a drug in the clinic.